Feb 21, 2015 the general objective of this study was to examine the relationship between field dependentindependent cognitive styles of the students at the third year of secondary school for their reading comprehension skills. The field independent approach toeducation will not be compatible with thenonmainstream minority students. Field sensitive learning and field independent learning no two individuals learn exactly the same. What strategies can teachers use to turn teacher dependent. Herman witkin 1977 was the first psychologists who coined the concept of field dependent fd and the field independent fi cognitive styles. All students were evaluated and categorized as field dependent or field independent learners before the study. Pdf field dependence and independence in english as a. The interaction between field dependent independent learning styles and learners linguality in third language acquisition mojtaba maghsudi university of mysore abstract field independent hinges on the perceptual skill of seeing the forest for the trees.
Pdf the difference between fielddependent versus field. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cueing strategies embedded in computer delivered text messages affected the recall and comprehension of students who differed in their field dependent independent cognitive style orientations. The study also showed that there was a low positive correlation between students cognitive styles and their mathematics achievement. Cox educational testing service the concepts and methods derived from work on cognitive styles over the past twoandahalf decades are being applied at an ever increasing rate to research on problems of. Asiapacific forum on science learning and teaching, volume 16, issue 2, article 6, p. Research on cognitive styles, particularly field dependence independence has implications for understanding how students learn. Field independent students had a higher mean achievement in sciences than the field dependent students while field dependent students had a higher mean. The interaction between field dependent independent. Field dependenceindependence is one of the most heuristic cognitive style constructs and has been shown consistently to determine academic results of students, regardless of their educational level or cultural origin and the area of knowledge considered. There was a significant relationship between field dependence field independence cognitive style and career choice of the students. Fielddependent learners depend on external clues from their environment. In the classroom activities that connect different parts of a lesson are useful for fielddependent learners. Pdf the effect of teaching approaches on achievement and.
According to witkin and goodenough 1977, students with field dependent learning styles learn better in language and history compared to field independent students. The group embedded figure test geft was employed to classify students as having a field dependent, field neutral, or field independent cognitive style. In a study conducted by davey 1990, 56 field dependent and 55 field in dependent students in grades 68 were assessed on reading comprehension. For example, learners can discuss what they know about a topic, predict content, or look at and listen to related material. Statements 1, 3, 4, 7, and 10, above indicate field independent characteristics. Oct 10, 2014 field dependent and field independent. Effects of field dependentindependent cognitive styles and. The summary of field dependent and fieldi ndependent student s creativ ity in mathematical problem. Learning characteristics of fielddependent children within. The results showed that 1 there were significant differences in the influence of the three teaching modes on learning achievement, reaction time and learning satisfaction. Field dependent and field independent cognitive styles and their educational implications h. Is field dependence or independence a predictor of efl. Cognitive style field dependence independence interaction interpersonal competence national institute of mental health personality abstract.
Field dependent and field independent cognitive styles and. Some scholars feel, however, that the geft measures ability rather than learning style, making it an inappropriate choice as a tool to help students understand themselves. Characteristics of fielddependent children in instructional. Field independent learners tend to rely less on the teacher or other learners for support. Field dependent learners often work well in teams as they tend to be better at interpersonal relationships. Formulating a testable hypothesis is important because it denotes that the experiment can be performed from the beginning till the end. The purpose for the examination of cognitive styles was to assist in determining if the exaggeration of cartoons would positively affect the performance of field dependent students.
Fielddependent individuals typically see the global picture, ignore the details, and approach a task more holistically. Subjects were 52 elementary school students in the second grade who scored in the fourth quartile on the childrens group embedded figures test. Pdf creativity of fielddependent and fieldindependent. You will not have to submit this activity to your facilitator. There was a significant relationship between field dependencefield independence cognitive style and career choice of the students. You tend to rely on structure and on receiving direction. Fielddependent and fieldindependent cognitive styles and. Understanding asian students learning styles, cultural influence and learning strategies loh, chee yen raymond principal lecturer, tmc academy singapore dr. Fielddependent learners teachingenglish british council.
The effect of exaggeration of cartoons on the performance of. These people are susceptible to deceptive cues when identifying known e. Abstract this paper reports an investigation of cognitive styles, achievement scores and attitudes toward computers among university students. In the classroom activities that connect different parts of a lesson are useful for field dependent learners. So far we have been assuming all learners to be the same in whichever theory. Understanding asian students learning styles, cultural.
A seniorlevel university swine management class of 42 students consisted of three laboratory sections containing 22, 12, and 8 students. In the classroom activities such as extensive reading and writing, which learners can carry out alone, are useful for field independent learners. Pdf the effects of field dependentfield independent. Fieldindependent students performance was consistent with teacher expectations during the majority of the classes observed.
Thus far the discussion has focused on things that are affected by field dependence. Fielddependentfieldindependent rewired for technology. So an over simplification would be that fielddependence leads to popularity and field independence leads to academic success. Pdf field dependence and independence in english as a second. The relationship between field dependentindependent. Adaptive teaching and field dependenceindependence. All students were evaluated and categorized as field. A counterbalanced design was used to evaluate three teaching approaches field dependent, field independent, and combination. In general, people who exhibit field dependence tend to rely on information provided by the outer world, the field or frame of a situation and their cognition toward other things is based on this overall field. Take the following quiz to explore your personal learning style. There is a considerable body of knowledge that has been accumulated on cognitive style through empirical research chinien, 1990, and various cognitive style dimensions have been identified. Teo, teck choon postdoctoral researcher head, school of business london school of business and finance singapore abstract the role play by culture in influencing students in their learning.
Fielddependent learners often work well in teams as they tend to be better at interpersonal relationships. Independent learning skills, selfdetermination theory and. The initial step in conducting research is to articulate a testable hypothesis and draw a conclusion. Independent learning skills, selfdetermination theory and psychological wellbeing. Part of thebilingual, multilingual, and multicultural education commons,english language. People with a field dependent or field independent cognitive style are different in their interpersonal behavior in ways predicted from the theory of psychological differentiation. Field sensitive learning and field independent learning. Instructors who give explicit direction, assignments, and guidelines. Pdf undergraduate students academic achievement, field.
The effects of field dependentfield independent cognitive. Since then, many studies also suggest that optimum student achievement occurs when the students learning styles and the teachers instructional methods are. Pdf the present study sought to explore if efl learners with different field dependencefieldindependence cognitive style are significantly. The interaction between field dependent independent learning styles and learners linguality in third language acquisition mojtaba maghsudi university of. Based on these findings, appropriate recommendations were made. As a contrast, field independent students tend to be aloof from others and the outside world. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of field dependent fd field independent fi cognitive styles and motivational styles on high school students conceptual understandings. The purpose of this study was the examination of the field dependent cognitive style as it relates to differences in learning within an analytical, conceptbased physical education curriculum.
Monica stella cardenasclaros iowa state university follow this and additional works at. All other statements indicate field dependent preference. Teachers may assume students are lesscompetent than they really are, and itmay even appear that the minority studentis in need of special education or has abehavioral disorder. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Strategies for supporting the first year university experience rachael field and james duffy queensland university of technology, brisbane australia anna huggins university of new south wales, sydney, australia. Fieldindependent individuals tend to discern figures as being discrete from their background, to focus on details, and to be more serialistic in their approach to learning. So, field dependent students always perform well in oral english, listening and imitating, but not so good at reading comprehension, or sentence analysis or translation. There was also a significant difference in cognitive. Field dependencefield independence cognitive style. Relationship between students cognitive style field. The influence of field independentdependent cognitive styles. They are not as skilled as field dependent learners at building interpersonal relationships, yet they are more capable of separating details from a complex background. The field dependent and field independent cognitive styles are described in detail and a characterization of cognitive styles in general is given.
Field dependencefield independence cognitive style, gender. Field dependenceindependence was the earliest studied area in the study of cognitive styles. May 18, 2007 christine m said field independent learners are more confident and self reliant when faced with a problem solving situation. In contrast, field dependent students did not feel there was benefit in using the cai program, but with provided structure, benefits may occur. This is the domain of field dependencefield independence. Learning characteristics of field dependent children within an analytical conceptbased curriculum catherine d.
So an over simplification would be that field dependence leads to popularity and field independence leads to academic success. It concerns how people perceive, think, solve problems and learn. Cognitive styles are among the dimensions of individual differences considered particularly relevant in adaptive teaching. Pdf the interaction between field dependent independent.
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